#T IN DNA STANDS FOR CODE#
The code is arranged in triplet form which codes for RNA which in turn codes for amino acids which form the basis of proteins. The genetic code is determined by the linear sequence of the bases.įor example the sequence of adenine guanine thymine does not carry the same message as guanine thymine adenine. Adenine pairs with thymine using two hydrogen bonds and cytosine pairs with guanine using three hydrogen. The prefix mono- means 'one' or 'single,' with 'poly-' meaning 'many' or 'multiple. These bases are joined to the pentose sugars with covalent bonds. To crack the genetic code found in DNA we need to look at the sequence of. The rungs or steps of the ladder consist of the bases. The upright or backbone of the ladder is made of alternating pentose and phosphate groups held together by covalent bonds. The DNA molecule is double helix, a spiral shaped ladder. Cytosine and thymine are pyramidines which consist of a single ring structure. Mutagenesis has been a central tool for studying the genetics underlying biological traits, as phenotypic analysis of mutants provides a direct method to measure a gene’s contributions to biochemical, cellular, tissue and organ characteristics. There are four bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.īoth adenine and guanine are purines which have a double ring structure. The T-DNA insertion mutant libraries provide general access to alleles for gene functional studies. Since a polynucleotide chain, the phosphate and deoxyribose units are repetitive, the variation is provided by the nitrogenous bases. A polynucleotide consists of three basic units: a phosphate group, a 5 carbon sugar (pentose), and a nitrogenous base. DNA are the letters of deoxyribonucleic acid.Īll life on earth uses this nucleic acid as the genetic code.Ī nucleic acid is a polynucleotide.
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